NMAT Chemistry Practice Test

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• What is the name for the overall reaction where one species is oxidized and the other reduced?
• During a redox reaction, which species is oxidized?
• Integers or half-integers used to identify specific electrons in atoms are called
• The ratio of the number of moles of a particular gas in a mixture to the total number of moles in the mixture is called the?
• The energy that a body possesses due to its motion is known as
• The entropy of a pure substance in a perfect crystalline state is zero at absolute zero. This statement is described by which law?
• Which type of bonding involves metals in a crystal lattice held together by a cloud of delocalized valence electrons?
• What is the standard unit used to express the mass of protons and neutrons?
• The point on a phase diagram where all three phases in equilibrium is called the
• Which symbol is commonly used to denote heat in thermodynamics?
• The minor component of a solution is referred to as the which of the following?
• The process of two light nuclei joining to form a heavier nucleus is called
• In Lewis acid-base theory, acids are electron-pair acceptors and bases are electron-pair donors. Which term names this theory?
• Which law relates P, V, and T for a fixed amount of gas by PV = nRT?
• The chemical formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule is called?
• Which term describes the reactant in a redox reaction that gains electrons and becomes reduced?
• Which term describes a compound that can both donate and accept protons?
• Which term describes a bronsted acid that can donate more than one proton per molecule?
• A bond in which electrons are pulled toward the more electronegative atom, creating partial charges, is described as which of the following?
• The rate of change in concentration of a reactant or product with time is called what?
• What forces arise from instantaneous dipoles caused by fluctuations in electron distribution?
• The thermodynamic driving force of a reaction is which of the following?
• The formal charge on an atom is defined as valence electrons minus the sum of which terms?
• Electrons closer to the nucleus shield outer electrons from the nucleus' attractive force; these outer electrons are said to be
• Multiple reactants combine to give a single product.
• Which term describes the high-energy arrangement of atoms formed at the top of the energy barrier?
• The energy barrier that must be overcome for a reaction to occur — the energy difference between the reactants and the activated complex — is called what?
• Plot showing which phase of a substance is most stable at a given combination of temperature and pressure.
• The change in Gibbs Free Energy for a reaction is defined as the difference between the Gibbs Free Energy of products and reactants. Which expression correctly represents this change?
• Which term describes a substance that donates protons according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory?
• Flow of charge past a point in an electric circuit per unit time is known as?
• Which quantity describes three-dimensional physical space?
• Temperature and pressure above which a substance cannot condense into a liquid.
• The letters s, p, d, and f designate the shapes of regions around the nucleus called
• The freezing point of a solvent is lowered by the present of a solute.
• The chemical formula that shows the relative number of atoms of each element present in a molecule is called the empirical formula.
• Which term describes a substance that can act as both an acid and a base, depending on the reaction context?
• A compound breaks down into multiple simpler compounds.
• Which process requires extremely high temperatures to force nuclei together?
• Which term refers to the process of two light nuclei joining to form a heavier nucleus?
• Which electrode is the site of reduction and is positively charged in a typical electrochemical cell?
• The volume occupied by an ideal gas at constant temperature and pressure is proportional to the number of moles present. Which law is this?
• Which term describes a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added?
• Which concept describes a substance that lowers the activation energy without being consumed in the reaction?
• Absolute zero on the Celsius scale corresponds to approximately which temperature?
• Which term describes the chemical process in which a substance reacts with water to form ions?
• Absolute Zero is defined as which of the following?
• What term is defined as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent?
• A theory that explains the behavior of gases on a molecular level.
• Formation of hybrid orbitals, which are mixtures of individual atomic orbitals, is called what?
• Which device uses an electrochemical reaction to generate an electric current at a constant voltage?
• A diagram that shows which phase of a substance is most stable at various temperatures and pressures is called
• What is the substance used to detect the end-point of a titration by a color change?
• Which concept describes multiple Lewis structures that are distinct but equivalent and obey the octet rule?
• Time required for the concentration of a reactant to fall to one half of its initial value is called what?
• The splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter, more stable nuclei is called
• Which theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors?
• What term describes the energy difference between the electrodes in an electrochemical cell?
• According to the quantum model, electrons exist in a ______.
• What term describes a chemical bond formed when two elements share valence electrons?
• A homogeneous mixture of more than one substance in a single phase is called a...
• Which term defines the fraction of moles that are solute relative to total moles in the solution?
• Point on a phase diagram where all three phases are in equilibrium.
• The mass of an electron is approximately what?
• What term denotes the total number of nucleons in the nucleus of an isotope?
• Fraction of the theoretical yield obtained experimentally.
• Which law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only interconverted between heat and work?
• What is the term for a substance that lowers activation energy but is not consumed in a reaction?
• Which property describes an atom's ability to attract electrons in a molecule?
• Which equation expresses the instantaneous rate of reaction as a function of reactant concentrations?
• The thermal energy resulting from the motion of atoms, molecules, or ions is called:
• Which type of bond forms when the electronegativities of bonded atoms are significantly different?
• The number of protons in one atom of an element is called its?
• Lines on a phase diagram, the two phases on either side of a phase boundary are in equilibrium (coexist) at the phase-boundary.
• A measure of the relative amounts of reactants and products in a reaction system at equilibrium.
• Which statement best describes an ion?
• Which term describes the process used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or base by reacting it with a solution of known concentration?
• Which field studies chemical reactions that produce electricity and uses electricity to drive non-spontaneous reactions?
• Which concept explains why outer electrons experience less attraction from the nucleus than inner electrons?
• The change in Gibbs Free Energy observed when reactants are converted to products is called which of the following?
• What is the midpoint of the vertical portion of the titration curve called, indicating neutralization?
• The pressure that results from solvent flow in osmosis is called
• How is atomic radius defined in the context of atomic size?
• Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called
• Which property is a classic example of a colligative property?
• What is the term for the species intermediate between reactants and products that results from the collision of reactants and can proceed to products or revert to reactants?
• At constant pressure, the change in enthalpy observed when reactants are converted into products is called which term?
• A gas that is described perfectly by the kinetic molecular theory is called a(n)?
• What term describes the thermal energy of the molecules in a system?
• Physically distinct state of a substance.
• Which type of reaction involves exchange of components between two reactants to form new substances?
• Energy transfer as a result of a temperature difference is known as what?
• Which term denotes the emission of high-energy particles from unstable nuclei?
• Which process involves the release of enormous amounts of energy when small nuclei combine?
• Which law states that the entropy of the universe increases in a spontaneous process?
• Which term describes an acid (or base) that ionizes completely in water?
• A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio is called a?
• Which diagram shows energy as a function of reaction progress and illustrates the activation energy as the gap between reactants and the transition state?
• Interactions in which oppositely charged species (ions) attract each other are called?
• Resonance structures are best described as which of the following?
• Regions of space around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons and have shapes designated by letters are called
• A force acting on an object over a distance defines which physical quantity?
• Which term describes the rate of reaction at a specific instant, which may vary as the reaction proceeds?
• Which device uses electricity to drive a non-spontaneous redox reaction?
• The ratio of the rates of effusion of two gases is inversely proportional to the square root of their molar masses. This statement is known as which law?
• Ratio of the number of moles of substance in a solution to the total number of moles in the solution?
• Mathematical expressions called _____________ characterize the waves that describe electron behavior.
• Bond order is defined as
• Which process splits a nucleus into two or more fragments?
• The pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture of different gases is called its?
• What term refers to the electrons in the outermost occupied shell?
• Which term refers to molar equivalents of solute per liter of solution?
• Which model is used for predicting molecular geometry?
• In a solution, the component present in the greater amount is called the which of the following?
• The state reached by a reversible reaction when forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
• A method for determining the concentration of an acid (or base) by neutralization of a known volume of that acid (or base) with a known volume of base (or acid) at a known concentration.
• When a system at dynamic equilibrium is perturbed, the system will adjust itself to minimize the effects of the perturbation.
• Which equation models non-ideality by including corrections for intermolecular forces and finite molecular size?
• Which term describes anything that has mass and occupies volume?
• Which process is likely to occur in very heavy, unstable nuclei that split into smaller fragments?
• Which law states that the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass?
• Which term describes the capacity to do work?
• The sum of the mole fractions of all components in a gas mixture equals what value?
• The plot of pH versus titrant volume in a titration is called what?
• Which process decreases the number of nucleons in the nucleus by splitting it?
• Which term refers to chemical equations that show oxidation and reduction separately and can be combined to yield the overall redox equation?
• The boiling point of a solvent is raised by the presence of a solute.
• What quantity is mass per unit volume?
• A positively charged ion is called a?
• Which process creates a heavier nucleus by combining lighter ones?
• A measure of disorder in a system is called:
• Which term describes a measure of the acidity of a solution?
• The major component of a solution is called the which of the following?
• Which term describes the voltage produced by an electrochemical cell?
• A type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen attached to a highly electronegative element with electron lone-pairs is called?
• Which group of elements has properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals?
• Neutral, charge-less particles residing in the atomic nucleus are called?
• Avogadro's number is?
• The mole fraction is a dimensionless quantity defined as which ratio?
• Hybrid orbitals can hold up to how many electrons?
• In an electrochemical cell, the electrode at which oxidation occurs is called the
• Which process is commonly used to release energy by splitting heavy atoms in reactors?
• According to Avogadro's Law, equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
• Negatively charged particles that exist in clouds around the atomic nucleus are called?
• Which type of intermolecular force is present in nonpolar molecules and arises from temporary dipoles?
• Fraction of the theoretical yield that is actually obtained, usually expressed as a percentage.
• An electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous redox reaction is used to generate an electrical current is called the
• The reactant that is supplied in an amount smaller than required by the stoichiometric relation for any of the other reactants to be consumed completely.
• At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. Which Law is this?
• According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, the partial pressure of a component in a gas mixture equals its mole fraction times the total pressure. This statement describes which principle?
• What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element?
• What energy is possessed by a body due to its position in space?
• Equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a compound.
• A process that occurs without any external intervention is described as what?
• In a solution, the vapor pressure of a solvent is proportional to its mole fraction.
• A homogeneous mixture of more than one substance in one phase is called which term?
• A process by which chemical bonds can be broken or made.
• Which statement best describes the modern view of electron positions in atoms?
• The concentration of gas in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution.
• What term is used to label electron states that include energy level and angular momentum?
• Which process is commonly described as the inverse of fission?
• A positively charged ion is called a?
• What is the energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell called?
• Which rule states that atoms are most stable when their valence shell is full and that this can be achieved by bonding with other atoms?
• A plot of energy versus reaction progress is called what?
• The probability of finding an electron at a point in space is proportional to the _____________ at that point.
• Which term describes a measure of the basicity of a solution?
• Which term describes a solution of a weak acid (or base) and its conjugate base (or acid) that is resistant to changes in pH; works by reacting with any added acid or base to restore the equilibrium of the weak acid (or base) and neutralize the added acid or base.
• Electron loss; associated with an increase in oxidation number.
• The atomic number is defined as?
• Which process describes the joining of two nuclei to form a larger nucleus?
• A reaction in which one reactant is reduced while it oxidizes the other is called?
• The mass of one mole of particles is called?
• Which term refers to the equation that relates reaction rate to the concentrations of reactants?
• The mass of a single molecule expressed in atomic mass units is called?
• Properties of a solution that depend only on the number of solute molecules, and not the identity of the solute?
• The average kinetic energy of a gas is proportional to its absolute temperature. Which quantity is this proportional to?
• What energy is possessed by a body due to its motion?
• Which term denotes a pure substance composed of only one type of atom?
• Which term describes the gain of electrons?
• Which equation expresses the Combined Gas Law describing the relationship of P, V, and T for a fixed amount of gas?
• The energy that a body possesses due to its position in space is known as
• Positively charged particles residing in the atomic nucleus are called?
• If you increase solute moles while solvent moles remain fixed, which statement about the solvent mole fraction is true?
• At constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This is known as which gas law?
• Which property is defined as the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons?
• The smallest unit of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound.
• Which process is described by splitting a heavy nucleus into lighter fragments to reach stability?
• The mass of one mole of particles is called?
• The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures that each component would exert if it were alone. This description corresponds to which law?
• Two reactants exchange component parts.
• The amount of a given product formed if all of the limiting reactant is consumed by the reaction.
• In VSEPR theory, which statement best describes its purpose?
• Which description best captures metallic bonding?
• In Van der Waals equation, the constants a and b represent what?
• Which term describes the mass per unit volume?
• A negatively charged ion is called a?
• Which device converts the chemical energy of a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy?
• Enthalpy is best described as which of the following?
• A pure substance composed of multiple atoms chemically combined in a known ratio is called?
• The process of forming hybrid orbitals is called?
• Which representation depicts covalent bonds and shows no bonding valence electrons?
• Attractive forces between permanent dipoles of polar molecules are called?
• In an electrochemical cell, the electrode at which reduction occurs is called the
• In the calculation of formal charge, the formal charge on an atom equals valence electrons minus which quantity?
• Neutrons and protons have a mass equal to _____________.
• Electric potential energy per charge unit is called what?
• Which process releases energy by splitting a heavy nucleus into smaller parts?
• Which law describes the dependence of gas solubility on the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid?
• A reaction between a bronsted acid or base and water to produce an acidic or basic solution?
• Which is the weakest type of cohesive force?
• Which term describes the maximum possible amount of product formed under ideal conditions?
• Which term denotes the total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
• What is defined as the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in one atom of an element?
• The term for the condition where a reversible process has no net change in macroscopic properties over time.
• Which quantity expresses concentration as a mass percentage?
• Which electrode is the site of oxidation and is negatively charged in a typical electrochemical cell?
• An element with properties between metals and nonmetals is known as a
• What does the titration curve plot?
• Which theory states that bonds form through the spatial overlap of orbitals containing valence electrons?
• The escape of a gas through a small opening is called what?
• What term describes the maximum-energy arrangement of atoms at the top of the energy barrier?
• Which category of elements are good conductors of heat and electricity and tend to lose electrons to form cations?
• Concentration describes the amount of solute per unit volume or mass in a solution. Which option expresses this concept most accurately?
• Which term describes the smallest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound?
• The value of Avogadro's number is commonly written as?
• Which term denotes the breakdown of the nucleus that is the origin of radioactivity?
• An electrochemical cell that reverses the direction of a galvanic cell by applying an external power source is called the
• Which process powers stars by fusing light nuclei?
• Which subatomic particle orbits the nucleus and carries a negative charge?
• What term describes mole of solute per liter of solution?
• The statement that the overall enthalpy of a reaction equals the sum of the enthalpies of its steps is known as which law?
• Which term refers to the reactant in a redox reaction that donates electrons and becomes oxidized?
• Which point on the titration curve represents complete neutralization of the analyte?
• Which category includes elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity and tend to gain electrons to form anions?
• Which class of elements includes those that are good conductors of heat and electricity and tend to lose electrons to form cations?
• The principle that the enthalpy change of a reaction can be determined by summing the enthalpies of its steps is known as which law?
• One hundred times mass of solute divided by mass of solution.
• The mass (in atomic mass units) of one molecule of a compound is called?
• The lines on a phase diagram along which two phases coexist in equilibrium are called
• Symbols used in chemical equations to denote whether a reactant or product is a solid (s), a liquid (l), a gas (g), or an ion in aqueous solution (aq).
• Which concept states that atoms are most stable when their valence shell is filled?
• The boundary on a phase diagram where two phases are in equilibrium is called
• The energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom is called
• Electron gain; associated with a decrease in oxidation number.
• Which process describes mixing of gases by random molecular motion?
• An atom or a group of bonded atoms that carries an electrical charge is called?
• A pure substance composed of only one type of atom is called what?
• Which principle describes the order in which electrons fill atomic orbitals to achieve the lowest energy configuration?
• Which interaction involves attractions between permanent dipoles of polar molecules?
• Which term describes a compound that can accept both electron pairs and protons?
• PV = nRT is the expression of which gas law?
• In a reaction, the reactant that limits the extent of the reaction is known as the